• Material: Typically copper-bonded steel (strong and conductive), galvanized iron (cost-effective), or solid copper (best conductivity, higher cost).
• Moisture Content: The presence of moisture in the soil lowers its resistivity, as water enhances conductivity. Dry soil has higher resistivity, making earthing less effective in arid regions.
• Length: Common lengths range from 1.2 to 3 meters (4 to 10 feet), depending on soil conditions.
• Diameter: Standard diameters are 12.5 mm to 20 mm for better conductivity.
• Tip Design: Pointed tip for easy insertion into the ground.
• Threaded Couplers: Allows multiple rods to be connected for deeper installation.
• Corrosion Resistance: Copper coating (250 microns) or zinc for long-lasting protection against corrosion.

This design ensures safe dissipation of electrical currents and long-lasting performance in diverse soil conditions.